When is the last frost in Baltimore, MD?

The average (50% probability) last spring frost in Baltimore is April 10, based on NOAA 1991–2020 normals. A 1-in-10 risk remains until April 25.

When is the first frost in Baltimore?

The average first fall frost in Baltimore is October 31, with a growing season of about 204 days.

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Baltimore, Maryland frost dates

Average last spring frost: April 10. Average first fall frost: October 31. That gives a growing season of about 204 days. For frost-tender plants, a safer planting date is April 25, after which a freeze happens in only 1 year in 10.

Last frost (50%)

Apr 10

1-in-10 risk after Apr 25

First frost (50%)

Oct 31

1-in-10 risk before Oct 17

Growing season

204 days

median frost-free days

Hard freeze (28°F)

Mar 28

median last 28°F in spring

Frost risk by date

Chance of frost	Spring: frost after	Fall: frost before
90%	March 27	November 12
70%	April 3	November 5
50%	April 10	October 31
30%	April 16	October 26
10%	April 25	October 17

Read the spring column like this: there is a 10% chance of a 32°F freeze after April 25. These are NOAA probabilities for the Baltimore Wash International Airport weather station (USW00093721, elevation 48 m), 1991–2020.

Baltimore vegetable planting calendar

Dates count from the 50% last-frost date (April 10). For tomatoes, peppers and other frost-tender crops, waiting until the 10% date (Apr 25) is the cautious choice.

Crop	Start seeds indoors	Plant out
Beans	Mar 20	Apr 17 (usually sown directly in the garden)
Broccoli	Jan 30	Mar 13
Brussels sprouts	Jan 30	Mar 13
Cabbage	Jan 23	Mar 6
Cauliflower	Feb 13	Mar 27
Sweet corn	Mar 13	Apr 10 (usually sown directly in the garden)
Cucumbers	Mar 27	Apr 17
Kale	Jan 23	Mar 6
Leeks	Dec 26	Mar 6
Lettuce	Feb 20	Mar 27
Melons	Apr 3	Apr 24
Onions	Dec 19	Feb 27 (from seed; sets and transplants go out at the same time)
Peas	Feb 13	Mar 13 (usually sown directly in the garden)
Peppers	Feb 27	Apr 24
Squash	Apr 3	Apr 24
Tomatoes	Feb 13	Apr 10

Offsets from Oregon State University Extension's seed-starting table. "Plant out" means transplant, or sow directly for crops usually grown from seed.

Fall frost and season extension

The first fall freeze usually arrives around October 31. There's a 1-in-10 chance it comes before October 17. Harvest tender crops such as basil, tomatoes, peppers and squash before then, or cover them on cold nights. Cool-season crops like kale, cabbage and Brussels sprouts handle light frost, and often taste sweeter after it. A hard freeze (28°F) typically comes around November 10.

Nearby cities

City	Last frost (50%)	First frost (50%)	Distance
Washington, DC	Mar 24	Nov 18	~46 km
Harrisburg, PA	Apr 9	Nov 2	~114 km
Philadelphia, PA	Apr 2	Nov 10	~147 km
Richmond, VA	Apr 3	Nov 4	~192 km
Allentown, PA	Apr 20	Oct 24	~196 km
Virginia Beach, VA	Mar 17	Nov 23	~255 km

More: all Maryland frost dates