When is the last frost in Birmingham, AL?

The average (50% probability) last spring frost in Birmingham is March 21, based on NOAA 1991–2020 normals. A 1-in-10 risk remains until April 8.

When is the first frost in Birmingham?

The average first fall frost in Birmingham is November 11, with a growing season of about 236 days.

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Birmingham, Alabama frost dates

Average last spring frost: March 21. Average first fall frost: November 11. That gives a growing season of about 236 days. For frost-tender plants, a safer planting date is April 8, after which a freeze happens in only 1 year in 10.

Last frost (50%)

Mar 21

1-in-10 risk after Apr 8

First frost (50%)

Nov 11

1-in-10 risk before Oct 30

Growing season

236 days

median frost-free days

Hard freeze (28°F)

Mar 7

median last 28°F in spring

Frost risk by date

Chance of frost	Spring: frost after	Fall: frost before
90%	February 28	December 1
70%	March 13	November 19
50%	March 21	November 11
30%	March 30	November 6
10%	April 8	October 30

Read the spring column like this: there is a 10% chance of a 32°F freeze after April 8. These are NOAA probabilities for the Birmingham Airport weather station (USW00013876, elevation 188 m), 1991–2020.

Birmingham vegetable planting calendar

Dates count from the 50% last-frost date (March 21). For tomatoes, peppers and other frost-tender crops, waiting until the 10% date (Apr 8) is the cautious choice.

Crop	Start seeds indoors	Plant out
Beans	Feb 28	Mar 28 (usually sown directly in the garden)
Broccoli	Jan 10	Feb 21
Brussels sprouts	Jan 10	Feb 21
Cabbage	Jan 3	Feb 14
Cauliflower	Jan 24	Mar 7
Sweet corn	Feb 21	Mar 21 (usually sown directly in the garden)
Cucumbers	Mar 7	Mar 28
Kale	Jan 3	Feb 14
Leeks	Dec 6	Feb 14
Lettuce	Jan 31	Mar 7
Melons	Mar 14	Apr 4
Onions	Nov 29	Feb 7 (from seed; sets and transplants go out at the same time)
Peas	Jan 24	Feb 21 (usually sown directly in the garden)
Peppers	Feb 7	Apr 4
Squash	Mar 14	Apr 4
Tomatoes	Jan 24	Mar 21

Offsets from Oregon State University Extension's seed-starting table. "Plant out" means transplant, or sow directly for crops usually grown from seed.

Fall frost and season extension

The first fall freeze usually arrives around November 11. There's a 1-in-10 chance it comes before October 30. Harvest tender crops such as basil, tomatoes, peppers and squash before then, or cover them on cold nights. Cool-season crops like kale, cabbage and Brussels sprouts handle light frost, and often taste sweeter after it. A hard freeze (28°F) typically comes around November 24.

Nearby cities

City	Last frost (50%)	First frost (50%)	Distance
Huntsville, AL	Mar 24	Nov 8	~120 km
Montgomery, AL	Mar 13	Nov 13	~144 km
Atlanta, GA	Mar 15	Nov 20	~213 km
Chattanooga, TN	Mar 24	Nov 9	~216 km
Nashville, TN	Mar 31	Nov 3	~283 km
Jackson, MS	Mar 14	Nov 14	~338 km

More: all Alabama frost dates